The Rules of Countries With Birthright Citizenship |
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The Rules of Countries With Birthright Citizenship
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Have you ever considered what gaining citizenship from a second country by birthright would be like? While this might not be possible for everyone, for many people, it is. Certain nations will grant birthright citizenship to those born in one country but moved to another after birth or at a very young age or have family members born in or who were nationals of a different country. If you’re interested in acquiring citizenship in another country or are just curious about the criteria for obtaining second citizenship, read on to learn more about the countries with birthright citizenship. This article will look at the requirements to acquire a second passport through birthright citizenship, and the differences between citizenship by jus soli (right of soil) and citizenship by jus sanguinis (right of blood). We’ll also discuss the benefits of dual citizenship and other means of acquiring second citizenship. 
What is birthright citizenship?
In most cases, citizenship is acquired automatically at a child’s birth, but some countries enforce specific requirements or conditions. What is the difference between jus soli (right of soil) and jus sanguinis (right of blood)?Jus soli defines citizenship as being acquired from the country of a child’s birth, while jus sanguinis determines citizenship as being inherited from parental blood relatives. In most cases, blood relatives refer to one genetic or gestational parent. It can also mean one or both parents or legal parents by law, such as adoptive parents. Besides citizenship of a country, a person can also automatically acquire citizenship from national identities of ethnic, cultural, or other origins, such as an Aboriginal tribe or Native Americans. How is birthright citizenship determined?Jus soli Jus soli is determined in two ways: Unrestricted birthright citizenship: Children born in the country’s territory are automatically citizens. Restricted birthright citizenship: In addition to being born in the country’s territory, the person must also meet conditions such as: At least one parent must have been born in the country Must have two citizen parents At least one parent must have been physically present in the country for a year before birth. The father must have been born in the country Must have a citizen motherJus sanguinis Jus sanguinis can apply to a person born on foreign soil. It can be as simple as one parent born in the country’s territory, but like jus soli, most countries granting citizenship at birth have different requirements, which could be: Both parents were born in the country One parent was born in the country and has a current residence permit A member of the paternal side must be or have been a citizen Parents have been married and physically present in the country for a specific number of years Other determinationsIn almost all cases, persons born abroad to foreign diplomats or other government employees on active duty will acquire their parent’s citizenship. Rare cases also exist where birthright citizenship is granted by a Supreme Court decision based on clear and convincing evidence of extenuating circumstances. This can be a stateless child due to unknown or stateless parents or a child born abroad who has a legal parent through adoption. For the most part, most countries will offer birthright citizenship to children who are born stateless. So for simplicity’s sake, we’ll focus on the most common forms of birthright citizenship. Birthright Citizenship Pros and ConsPros It’s faster and easier to claim citizenship by birth than through naturalization. It allows a baby born abroad to foreign parents to become a citizen without going through lengthy and complicated processes of naturalization themselves. It gives people a sense of belonging to a particular nation and a strong sense of identity. It helps to preserve cultural ties and ensures that people without strong ties to their country of origin can become citizens. It entitles people to the rights and privileges of a citizen, such as voting rights and access to government services. It usually makes obtaining a passport and traveling to other countries easier.Cons Persons born abroad who acquire citizenship status in this way may not have a strong connection to their country of origin and may not feel very patriotic. Persons born abroad may not be familiar with their country’s customs and traditions, making many feel alienated. It can result in discrimination against those without certain ancestors and create difficulties for people who have moved away from their birthplace or have parents of different nationalities. They may not have access to certain benefits available to naturalized citizens, such as financial assistance from the government. Countries Which Allow Children to Acquire Citizenship by Birthright Unrestricted birthright citizenship (jus soli)North America Antigua and Barbuda: Automatically granted, except for children of diplomats Barbados: Automatically granted, except for children of diplomats Belize: Automatically granted, except for children of diplomats Canada: Automatically granted, except for children of diplomats. Costa Rica: Automatically granted, except for baby born of a government employee (requires registration with the Costa Rican government before the age of twenty-five) Cuba: Automatically granted, except for children of diplomats Dominica: Automatically granted, except for children of diplomats Grenada: Automatically granted, except for children of diplomats Guatemala: Automatically granted, except for children of diplomats Honduras: Automatically granted, except for children of diplomats Jamaica: Automatically granted, except for children of diplomats Mexico: Automatically granted, except for children of diplomats Nicaragua: Automatically granted, except for children of diplomats Panama: Automatically granted, except for children of diplomats Saint Kitts and Nevis: Automatically granted, except for children of diplomats Saint Lucia: Automatically granted, except for children of diplomats Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: Automatically granted, except for children of diplomats Trinidad and Tobago: Automatically granted, except for children of diplomats United States United States: Automatically granted, except for children of diplomats South America Argentina: Automatically granted, except for children of diplomats Bolivia: Automatically granted, except for children of diplomats Brazil: Automatically granted, except for children of diplomats Chile: Automatically granted, except for children of civil servants and transient foreigners Ecuador: Automatically granted, except for children of diplomats Guyana: Automatically granted, except for children of diplomats Paraguay: Automatically granted, except for children of diplomats Peru: Automatically granted, except for children of diplomats (registration required at 18 years of age) Uruguay: Automatically granted, except for children of diplomats Venezuela: Automatically granted, except for children of diplomats Africa Chad: Automatically granted, except for children of diplomats Tanzania: Automatically granted, except for children of diplomats Oceania Tuvalu: Automatically granted, except for children of diplomats Restricted birthright citizenship (jus soli)North America Dominican Republic: Excludes children born without a citizen mother or citizen father El Salvador: Excludes children born without a citizen mother or citizen father South America Colombia: Excludes children born without a citizen mother or citizen father Africa Egypt: Excludes children whose mother or father was not born in Egypt Morocco: Excludes children born of parents who were not born in Morocco Namibia: Excludes children of born parents who are not citizens or permanent residents São Tomé and Príncipe: Excludes children born of parents who are not citizens or permanent residents South Africa: Excludes children born of parents who are not citizens or permanent residents Sudan: Excludes a child born of a father who was not born in Sudan Tunisia: Excludes a child born of a father and grandfather who were not born in Tunisia Asia Bahrain: Excludes a child born of a father who was not born in Bahrain and doesn’t hold permanent residency Cambodia: Excludes children born of parents who are not legal residents India: Requires one parent to have been born in India and the other parent to have been born in India or have a permanent residence permit Japan: Excludes a child born to non-citizen parents Pakistan: Excludes a child born to refugees Malaysia: Excludes a child born of a mother or father who is not a citizen or permanent resident Mongolia: Excludes children born of parents who are not legal residents Taiwan: Excludes children born of non-citizen parents Thailand: Requires a child’s mother or father to be a permanent resident and domiciled in the country for five years Iran: Excludes a child born of a mother or father who was not born in Iran Israel: Excludes a child born of a mother or father who was not born in Israel Oceania Australia: Requires a child’s mother or father to have been a citizen or permanent resident or the child to have lived the first ten years in Australia Fiji: Excludes children without citizen mothers or citizen fathers New Zealand: Excludes children whose mother or father was not a citizen or legal resident Details to Acquire Citizenship by Birth in EuropeThe answer to which country in Europe gives citizenship at birth is complex. Many countries in Europe recognize birthright citizenship. But although there is no need to go through a naturalization process, a standardized process doesn’t exist either. Citizenship acquisition is mostly straightforward for babies born in the country’s territory to parents born there or a parent’s naturalization. In other cases, various conditions may need to be fulfilled for birthright citizenship eligibility, which differs from country to country. European countries enforce a restricted citizenship by birth rule based on jus soli (right of soil) and jus sanguinis (right of blood). So to know which country in Europe gives citizenship at birth for specific criteria would require referring to the country’s nationality act. Here is a list of the birthright citizenship countries in Europe and what is required to obtain it: BelgiumBirthright citizenship can be obtained in Belgium if: At least one parent was born in Belgium At least one parent had lived in Belgium for ten years At 18 years old, no other citizenship has been acquired since birth At least one parent was born in Belgium and had lived there for five years before birth CyprusBirthright citizenship can be obtained in Cyprus if: At least one parent was born in Cyprus or is a Cypriot citizen FranceBirthright citizenship can be obtained in France if: Born in France, and one or both parents were born in French territory 18 years old, and was born in France before 1 January 1994 Born in France to parents born before independence in a former French sovereign colony/territory Born in France on or after 1 January 1994 18 years old and was physically present in France for a continuous period of at least five years since age 11 Between 16 and 18 years old, was physically present in France for a continuous period of at least five years since age 11 Between 13 and 16 years old and has been physically present in France since eight years old GermanyBirthright citizenship can be obtained in Germany if: Born in Germany and at least one married parent is a German national One parent was a German citizen at the time of birth Born after 1 January 2000, and one or both parents were physically present in Germany for at least eight years with indefinite leave to remain GreeceBirthright citizenship can be obtained in Greece if: One parent is a Greek citizen Born in Greece, and at least one parent has been a valid resident in Greece for five years since birth Both parents have been legal residents in Greece for five years, and the child completes elementary education (six years) FinlandBirthright citizenship can be obtained in Finland if: The mother is a Finnish citizen and was at birth. The father is a Finnish citizen and is married to the mother IrelandBirthright citizenship can be obtained in Ireland if: Born in Ireland before 1 January 2005 Born in Ireland, and the mother or father is an Irish citizen, a British national, a resident with indefinite leave to remain, or a resident who has been physically present in Ireland for at least three of the preceding four years One parent is an Irish citizen and was born in Ireland ItalyBirthright citizenship can be obtained in Italy if: 18 years old and has been permanently domiciled in Italy since birth 21 or older and was permanently domiciled in Italy for at least three years since 18 years old A paternal descendant was an Italian citizen Born after 1 January 1948 and a maternal descendant was an Italian citizen LuxembourgBirthright citizenship can be obtained in Luxembourg if: One parent was born in Luxembourg One parent is a Luxembourg citizen 18 years old, and both parents were physically present in Luxembourg in the 12 months preceding birth 18 years old and has lived continuously in Luxembourg for the five years preceding their 18th birthday PortugalBirthright citizenship can be obtained in Portugal if: One of the parents is a Portuguese citizen One parent resided in Portugal as a lawful resident for at least one year before birth SpainBirthright citizenship can be obtained in Spain if: One parent is a Spanish citizen SwedenBirthright citizenship can be obtained in Sweden if: Born after 1 April 2015, and at least one parent is a Swedish citizen Born before 1 April 2015 and the child’s father was a Swedish citizen and was married to the mother Born in Sweden before 1 April 2015 and the father was a Swedish citizen Born after 1 July 1979 and before 1 April 2015 and the child’s mother was a Swedish citizen MaltaBirthright citizenship can be obtained in Malta if: One parent was born in Malta or is a Maltese citizen Born in Malta after 25 September 1964 and before 1 August 2000 United KingdomBirthright citizenship can be obtained in Malta if: Born after 31 December 1982 and before 1 July 2006 and the mother was a British citizen or legal resident Born after 31 December 1982 and before 1 July 2006, and the father was a British citizen or lawful resident and was married to the mother Ten years old and has not spent more than 90 days outside the country since birth Born after 1 July 2006, and the mother was a British national or legal resident
Alternative Methods of Obtaining Citizenship
You’ve read the list of some of the countries that provide citizenship at birth and what they require to grant it, but if you don’t have a claim to birthright citizenship, there are several alternative methods of acquiring a second or multiple citizenships. Citizenship by naturalizationLeaving aside birthright citizenship, naturalization is the most common way people obtain citizenship. Naturalization usually involves an individual remaining a permanent legal resident in the country for a specified number of years and acquiring citizenship eligibility afterward. Many people ask, “If my child is born in the USA can I get a green card”? The answer is yes, providing you meet certain eligibility requirements. You can apply for US citizenship after maintaining a lawful permanent residence for five years. Receiving lawful permanent residence in Europe long enough to acquire citizenship can be challenging. It often takes a long and earnest commitment, such as marriage or having children. If you’re fortunate, a company will sponsor your work visa for enough time for you to be naturalized. The easiest way to become a lawful resident and obtain citizenship is through the Golden Visa Program. Countries like Cyprus offer this investment immigration program which allows individuals to invest in the economy in return for a permanent residence visa. With an investment of €300,000 ($320,000) into an asset in Cyprus, such as real estate, you will gain permanent residency. One of the program’s several advantages is the range of investment options on the table. The Golden Visa can be renewed until you’re eligible for Cypriot citizenship after seven years. 
Citizenship by investment
The fastest way for American citizens to be granted citizenship other than by birthright is citizenship by investment. The Maltese government will expedite a citizenship by naturalization application and process a European passport in just 36 months with an investment of €600,000 ($640,000) and in just 12 months with an investment of €750,000 ($800,000) in the Maltese economy. Aside from the main investment, there are three total investments that need to be made. Check out this article for more information on the Malta Citizenship by Naturalization for Exceptional Services by Direct Investment program (CES). These alternative methods to be granted citizenship are the ideal ways to become a citizen of a country you might not otherwise be eligible. Whether you’re applying for United States citizenship or Israeli citizenship, each country that offers birthright citizenship has its prerequisites. The legislation around citizenship often changes, so it’s essential to research the nationality law of any country you’re considering. Frequently Asked Questions about Birthright Citizenship Which European countries grant birthright citizenship?All countries in the European Union offer birthright citizenship in the form of jus sanguinis (citizenship by descent) for babies born abroad or a combination of jus sanguinis and jus soli (babies born in the country’s territory). European countries also grant citizenship to a person born in the country with stateless citizenship status. Are you eligible for birthright citizenship?You are eligible to accept citizenship by birthright if you were born in the country or have descendants who were born in or are citizens of the country. What are some examples of birthright citizenship?Some examples of birthright citizenship are: People born in the country People with one or both parents born in the country People who have two citizen parents of the country People whose parents are natural-born citizens of the country People with one parent who was born in the country and at least one parent who resided in the country as a citizen or permanent resident for one year prior to birth People born in the country and the mother or father resided in the country as a lawful resident at the time of birth People who have a citizen father People born in the country with a naturalized parent People who have married parents and a citizen father People who are 18 years old and were born in the country, and have been legal permanent residents since birth Persons born prior to a change in citizenship laws and the parents were not foreign nationals in the two years prior to birth What are two types of birthright citizenship?Two types of birthright citizenship are: Jus soli: You have the right to citizenship of the place you were born in. Jus sanguinis: You have the right to the citizenship of your descendants. What is birthright citizenship called?Birthright citizenship has two names: Jus soli: Based on the right to citizenship of the place you were born in. Jus sanguinis: Based on the right to the citizenship of your descendants. What countries give citizenship at birth?Countries that grant citizenship to those born there include the United States. The United States will give automatic citizenship by birth to anyone born on US soil based on the 14 Amendment; this includes a person born in the USA to foreign parents or a legal migrant. Other countries that give citizenship by birth are Canada and most South and Central American countries like Panama and Brazil. Is my citizenship determined by where I was born?Whether or not your citizenship is determined by where you were born depends on the country you were born in. If you were born in the United States, based on the 14th Amendment, you are a US citizen by birthright. Whereas if you were born in Spain, you would only be classed as a citizen of Spain if one of your parents is a Spanish citizen. Another example is a baby born abroad to a US-citizen father can claim US citizenship, provided that the father was a US citizen and resident before birth. How does birthright citizenship work?Birthright citizenship works by either granting citizenship to a person born in the country or granting citizenship to a person with blood relatives who were born in or are citizens of the country. Is it legal to give birth in the US as a tourist?Birth tourism, or giving birth as a non-resident, is still legal in the United States. As long as the purpose of your visa application was not specifically related to childbirth, birthright citizenship remains protected under the constitution of the 14th Amendment for all individuals, irrespective of whether or not their parents are living legally in the country. |
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